{"id":93,"date":"2014-08-18T14:32:43","date_gmt":"2014-08-18T18:32:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/?page_id=93"},"modified":"2020-11-13T12:06:54","modified_gmt":"2020-11-13T17:06:54","slug":"interfaces","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/research\/interfaces\/","title":{"rendered":"Two-fluid interfaces"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"spacer\">The mechanics of two-fluid shear flows are significant in many engineering and environmental applications. For example, the instability of two-fluid flows affects the aerodynamic lift of airfoils in the presence of deicing agents, the primary breakdown in spray combustion, the formation of sea sprays, and the heat transfer rates of annular film flows in nuclear installations. This project focuses on semi-bounded two-fluid flows, or boundary layers. However, the theoretical and computational techniques developed as part of this program can be extended to unbounded flows such as mixing layers and jets.<\/p>\n<p>In boundary layers, the presence of a different density and viscosity film near the wall alters the stability characteristics of the flow. The particular effect is dependent on the viscosity and density ratios between the wall-film and the outer fluid, as well as surface tension. Despite the presence of an additional instability due to the viscosity mismatch, a lower viscosity film for instance can enhance shear-sheltering, the mechanism which shields the boundary layer from free-stream vortical disturbances, and hence delay breakdown.<\/p>\n<p>The objective of this research is to investigate the ability of an underlying film to delay or suppress the onset of boundary layer instabilities, which would otherwise take place in a single-fluid flow. Our methodology makes use of direct numerical simulations (DNS). The flow is subjected to free-stream turbulence, similar to what is observed in engineering and environmental flows. This interaction causes a laminar boundary layer to breakdown to a chaotic, or turbulent state. The DNS provides a numerical laboratory where the full non-linear breakdown process from laminar to turbulence is simulated, and the role of the underlying film is quantified.\u00a0 The figure below shows the near-wall film, coloured by v-velocity perturbation.\u00a0 The blue regions show depletion of the film, and the grey and red iso-surfaces show the turbulent velocity fluctuations, which mark boundary layer breakdown.<\/p>\n<p class=\"spacer\"><div id=\"kgvid_kgvid_0_wrapper\" class=\"kgvid_wrapper kgvid_wrapper_inline kgvid_wrapper_inline_left\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"video_kgvid_0_div\" class=\"fitvidsignore kgvid_videodiv\" data-id=\"kgvid_0\" data-kgvid_video_vars=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;kgvid_0&quot;,&quot;attachment_id&quot;:394,&quot;player_type&quot;:&quot;Video.js v8&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;640&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:&quot;144&quot;,&quot;fullwidth&quot;:&quot;false&quot;,&quot;fixed_aspect&quot;:&quot;false&quot;,&quot;countable&quot;:true,&quot;count_views&quot;:&quot;quarters&quot;,&quot;start&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;false&quot;,&quot;pauseothervideos&quot;:&quot;false&quot;,&quot;set_volume&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;muted&quot;:&quot;false&quot;,&quot;meta&quot;:false,&quot;endofvideooverlay&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;resize&quot;:&quot;true&quot;,&quot;auto_res&quot;:&quot;automatic&quot;,&quot;pixel_ratio&quot;:&quot;true&quot;,&quot;right_click&quot;:&quot;on&quot;,&quot;playback_rate&quot;:&quot;false&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;up_xyplane_mBT_1.0_color&quot;,&quot;skip_buttons&quot;:[],&quot;nativecontrolsfortouch&quot;:&quot;true&quot;,&quot;locale&quot;:&quot;en&quot;,&quot;enable_resolutions_plugin&quot;:&quot;true&quot;,&quot;default_res&quot;:false}\" itemprop=\"video\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"><meta itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/up_xyplane_mBT_1.0_color_thumb2.jpg\"><meta itemprop=\"embedUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/up_xyplane_mBT_1.0_color.mov\"><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/up_xyplane_mBT_1.0_color.mov\"><meta itemprop=\"name\" content=\"up_xyplane_mBT_1.0_color\"><meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"Video\"><meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2014-10-11T14:45:43-04:00\">\n\t\t\t\t<video id=\"video_kgvid_0\" playsinline controls preload=\"metadata\" poster=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/up_xyplane_mBT_1.0_color_thumb2.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"144\" class=\"fitvidsignore video-js kg-video-js-skin\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<source src=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/up_xyplane_mBT_1.0_color.mov?id=0\" type=\"video\/mp4\" data-res=\"225p\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<source src=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/up_xyplane_mBT_1.0_color-360.mp4?id=0\" type=\"video\/mp4\" data-res=\"360p\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<source src=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/up_xyplane_mBT_1.0_color.webm?id=0\" type=\"video\/webm\" data-res=\"WEBM VP8\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/video>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><\/p>\n<h1 class=\"spacer\">Non-linear stability theory for interfacial waves<\/h1>\n<p class=\"p1\">In many important engineering applications, such as in wind-generated waves or transport of gas-liquid mixture, the motion of the two\u00a0different fluids gives rise to interfacial waves which can propagate\u00a0through the system.\u00a0 These waves can be responsible for undesirable\u00a0effects, for example\u00a0pressure losses in pipelines. To study how these waves behave, we\u00a0have developed new theoretical and computational models of two-fluid\u00a0shear flows. \u00a0These models are based on the nonlinear Parabolized\u00a0Stability Equations (PSE), using either a novel coordinate\u00a0transformation or an interface capturing scheme to track complex\u00a0deformations of the fluid interface.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"image-middle\" title=\"Schematic\" src=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/70905716.gif\" alt=\"Schematic\" width=\"560\" height=\"189\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">The simulations that we have conducted have shown this method to be as\u00a0accurate as direct calculations of the governing Navier-Stokes\u00a0equations, but much more efficient. \u00a0While typical simulations of\u00a0two-fluid mixing layers require several hundred to thousands of\u00a0CPU-hours using direct calculations, the new PSE formulation requires an\u00a0order of magnitude less.\u00a0 A comparison of the Interface-Capturing PSE (IC-PSE at left) and DNS (at right) is shown below.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><div id=\"kgvid_kgvid_1_wrapper\" class=\"kgvid_wrapper kgvid_wrapper_inline kgvid_wrapper_inline_left\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"video_kgvid_1_div\" class=\"fitvidsignore kgvid_videodiv\" data-id=\"kgvid_1\" data-kgvid_video_vars=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;kgvid_1&quot;,&quot;attachment_id&quot;:390,&quot;player_type&quot;:&quot;Video.js v8&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;640&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:&quot;107&quot;,&quot;fullwidth&quot;:&quot;false&quot;,&quot;fixed_aspect&quot;:&quot;false&quot;,&quot;countable&quot;:true,&quot;count_views&quot;:&quot;quarters&quot;,&quot;start&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;false&quot;,&quot;pauseothervideos&quot;:&quot;false&quot;,&quot;set_volume&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;muted&quot;:&quot;false&quot;,&quot;meta&quot;:false,&quot;endofvideooverlay&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;resize&quot;:&quot;true&quot;,&quot;auto_res&quot;:&quot;automatic&quot;,&quot;pixel_ratio&quot;:&quot;true&quot;,&quot;right_click&quot;:&quot;on&quot;,&quot;playback_rate&quot;:&quot;false&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;pse_vs_dns1_phase&quot;,&quot;skip_buttons&quot;:[],&quot;nativecontrolsfortouch&quot;:&quot;true&quot;,&quot;locale&quot;:&quot;en&quot;,&quot;enable_resolutions_plugin&quot;:&quot;true&quot;,&quot;default_res&quot;:false}\" itemprop=\"video\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"><meta itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/pse_vs_dns1_phase_thumb0.jpg\"><meta itemprop=\"embedUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/pse_vs_dns1_phase.mov\"><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/pse_vs_dns1_phase.mov\"><meta itemprop=\"name\" content=\"pse_vs_dns1_phase\"><meta itemprop=\"description\" content=\"Video\"><meta itemprop=\"uploadDate\" content=\"2014-10-11T14:26:16-04:00\">\n\t\t\t\t<video id=\"video_kgvid_1\" playsinline loop controls preload=\"metadata\" poster=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/pse_vs_dns1_phase_thumb0.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"107\" class=\"fitvidsignore video-js kg-video-js-skin\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<source src=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/pse_vs_dns1_phase.mov?id=1\" type=\"video\/mp4\" data-res=\"200p\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<source src=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/pse_vs_dns1_phase-360.mp4?id=1\" type=\"video\/mp4\" data-res=\"360p\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<source src=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/pse_vs_dns1_phase.webm?id=1\" type=\"video\/webm\" data-res=\"WEBM VP8\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/video>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Our research has also advanced\u00a0our understanding of how interfacial\u00a0waves can grow and behave, especially in the nonlinear regime. \u00a0In this\u00a0regime, waves which were previously sinusoidally-shaped develop crests\u00a0and form vortex rolls, with portions of these waves becoming stretched\u00a0to form thin filaments or \u201cfingers\u201d of fluid, as shown in the figure below of a three-dimensional perturbation in two-phase mixing layer. Using the nonlinear PSE, we are able to delineate the role of nonlinear mechanisms\u00a0in this process, examining how nonlinear interactions and energy\u00a0transfer between different modes occur, and how coherent flow structures\u00a0start to develop. These nonlinear mechanisms were neglected in many\u00a0previous linear studies, but are instrumental in our investigation \u00a0of\u00a0several multiphase flows, including two-phase mixing layers, boundary\u00a0layers, and jets.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"image-middle\" title=\"Three-dimensional mixing layer.\" src=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/70905713.png\" alt=\"Three-dimensional mixing layer.\" width=\"540\" height=\"271\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">The broad applicability of this research work can lead to substantial\u00a0benefits for a variety of industries and technologies. \u00a0For instance,\u00a0oil and nuclear energy companies will benefit from a better\u00a0understanding of interfacial disturbances in two-phase pipe flows,\u00a0leading to more efficient power plant and pipeline operations. \u00a0Gas\u00a0turbine and engine manufacturers will also benefit from more efficient\u00a0simulations of liquid jets and the atomization process, eventually\u00a0leading to better engine performance.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The mechanics of two-fluid shear flows are significant in many engineering and environmental applications. For example, the instability of two-fluid flows affects the aerodynamic lift of airfoils in the presence of deicing agents, the primary breakdown in spray combustion, the formation of sea sprays, and the heat transfer rates of annular film flows in nuclear [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":30,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-93","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Two-fluid interfaces - Flow Science and Engineering<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/research\/interfaces\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Two-fluid interfaces - Flow Science and Engineering\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The mechanics of two-fluid shear flows are significant in many engineering and environmental applications. For example, the instability of two-fluid flows affects the aerodynamic lift of airfoils in the presence of deicing agents, the primary breakdown in spray combustion, the formation of sea sprays, and the heat transfer rates of annular film flows in nuclear [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/research\/interfaces\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Flow Science and Engineering\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-11-13T17:06:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/70905716.gif\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/zaki\\\/research\\\/interfaces\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/zaki\\\/research\\\/interfaces\\\/\",\"name\":\"Two-fluid interfaces - Flow Science and Engineering\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/zaki\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/zaki\\\/research\\\/interfaces\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/zaki\\\/research\\\/interfaces\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/zaki\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/08\\\/70905716.gif\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-08-18T18:32:43+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-11-13T17:06:54+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/zaki\\\/research\\\/interfaces\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/zaki\\\/research\\\/interfaces\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/zaki\\\/research\\\/interfaces\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/zaki\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/08\\\/70905716.gif\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/zaki\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/08\\\/70905716.gif\",\"width\":1352,\"height\":457},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/zaki\\\/research\\\/interfaces\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/zaki\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Research\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/zaki\\\/research\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Two-fluid interfaces\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/zaki\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/zaki\\\/\",\"name\":\"Flow Science and Engineering\",\"description\":\"Tamer Zaki&#039;s Research Group\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/zaki\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Two-fluid interfaces - Flow Science and Engineering","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/research\/interfaces\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Two-fluid interfaces - Flow Science and Engineering","og_description":"The mechanics of two-fluid shear flows are significant in many engineering and environmental applications. For example, the instability of two-fluid flows affects the aerodynamic lift of airfoils in the presence of deicing agents, the primary breakdown in spray combustion, the formation of sea sprays, and the heat transfer rates of annular film flows in nuclear [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/research\/interfaces\/","og_site_name":"Flow Science and Engineering","article_modified_time":"2020-11-13T17:06:54+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/70905716.gif","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/research\/interfaces\/","url":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/research\/interfaces\/","name":"Two-fluid interfaces - Flow Science and Engineering","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/research\/interfaces\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/research\/interfaces\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/70905716.gif","datePublished":"2014-08-18T18:32:43+00:00","dateModified":"2020-11-13T17:06:54+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/research\/interfaces\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/research\/interfaces\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/research\/interfaces\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/70905716.gif","contentUrl":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/70905716.gif","width":1352,"height":457},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/research\/interfaces\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Research","item":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/research\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Two-fluid interfaces"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/#website","url":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/","name":"Flow Science and Engineering","description":"Tamer Zaki&#039;s Research Group","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/93","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=93"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/93\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":849,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/93\/revisions\/849"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/30"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/zaki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=93"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}