{"id":49424,"date":"2025-07-13T18:13:31","date_gmt":"2025-07-13T22:13:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/?p=49424"},"modified":"2025-11-13T12:29:12","modified_gmt":"2025-11-13T17:29:12","slug":"plankton-power","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/impact\/plankton-power\/","title":{"rendered":"Plankton Power"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Thirty feet below the ocean\u2019s surface, a revolution is underway. Ocean sensors\u2014vital for measuring water conditions and tracking changes in the marine environment\u2014are stuck in a high-cost, high-risk cycle of battery replacement. But what if these devices could power themselves using the ocean\u2019s own resources?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That\u2019s what <a href=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/faculty\/ruggero-rossi\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/faculty\/ruggero-rossi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ruggero Rossi<\/a>, assistant professor of environmental health and engineering, is working on: generating electricity from the seawater\u2019s microscopic biomass by turning dissolved organic matter, plankton, and algae into energy that could power the sensors while reducing their cost and reliance on traditional energy sources.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThis is a complicated project. Nothing similar has been attempted before,\u201d says Rossi, who previously scaled up a device to convert organic waste into electricity, but in accessible wastewater treatment plants, not under 30 feet of seawater.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<aside class=\"gb-element-1e0f112a\">\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"590\" height=\"450\" class=\"gb-media-da0abdbb\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/4_SolarPanels_Final.png\" title=\"4_SolarPanels_Final\" srcset=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/4_SolarPanels_Final.png 590w, https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/4_SolarPanels_Final-300x229.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 590px) 100vw, 590px\" \/>\n\n\n\n<div>\n<h2 class=\"gb-text gb-text-3fdb02a3\">0.01 kW<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"gb-text gb-text-a190ba23\">The Hopkins team aims to optimize energy output of each fuel cell reactor, generating 0.01 kW\u2014 the equivalent of what a handheld solar panel generates in direct sunlight.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div>\n<h2 class=\"gb-text gb-text-d9a1221e\">1 million<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"gb-text gb-text-9ec3f242\">A liter of ordinary seawater contains up to 1 million phytoplankton cells, along with algae and dissolved organic matter. Together, they are part of the oceans\u2019 700 billion tons of dissolved organic carbon\u2014a rich potential source of mostly untapped biological energy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n\n\n\n<p>The upgraded sensor design will consist of three parts: a filter, similar to fish gills, to collect biomass; a fermenter to break it down into organic acids; and a microbial fuel cell to transform those acids into electricity.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rossi\u2019s team is working on the fuel cell reactor, optimizing energy output. The goal is to generate 0.01 kW of energy\u2014enough to charge a cell phone\u2014while maintaining its current weight and size.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote has-base-3-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-ee63b8c3bfc7fd1656bb0c700d1c6b97 is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#006c3b\">\n<p>\u201cIf we can optimize this process, the possibilities are as vast as the ocean itself.\u201d \u2014 Roggero Rossi<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Precise placement is key for effective testing, Rossi says. Too deep, and the cell lacks oxygen; too shallow, and it lacks biomass. The first prototype will be deployed off the coast of Lewes, Delaware.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While the proposed cell design has no precedent in any project of this scale, Rossi is optimistic about the cell\u2019s potential. \u201cIf we can optimize this process, the possibilities are as vast as the ocean itself,\u201d he says. Researchers from James Madison University, Harvard, the University of Maryland, the University of Delaware, and private industry are partners in the two-year effort with support from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Generating energy from dissolved organic matter.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":49427,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[],"issue":[42],"class_list":["post-49424","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-impact","issue-spring-2025"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Plankton Power - Johns Hopkins Engineering Magazine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/impact\/plankton-power\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Plankton Power - Johns Hopkins Engineering Magazine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Generating energy from dissolved organic matter.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/impact\/plankton-power\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Johns Hopkins Engineering Magazine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-07-13T22:13:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-11-13T17:29:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/plankton-power-feature.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"533\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/plankton-power-feature.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dan Wiznitzer\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine\\\/impact\\\/plankton-power\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine\\\/impact\\\/plankton-power\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Dan Wiznitzer\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8fea0e9d76ea4fd7f190559580c45e41\"},\"headline\":\"Plankton Power\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-07-13T22:13:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-11-13T17:29:12+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine\\\/impact\\\/plankton-power\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":405,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine\\\/impact\\\/plankton-power\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/07\\\/plankton-power-feature.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Impact: Faculty Innovation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine\\\/impact\\\/plankton-power\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine\\\/impact\\\/plankton-power\\\/\",\"name\":\"Plankton Power - Johns Hopkins Engineering Magazine\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine\\\/impact\\\/plankton-power\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine\\\/impact\\\/plankton-power\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/07\\\/plankton-power-feature.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-07-13T22:13:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-11-13T17:29:12+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine\\\/impact\\\/plankton-power\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine\\\/impact\\\/plankton-power\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine\\\/impact\\\/plankton-power\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/07\\\/plankton-power-feature.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/07\\\/plankton-power-feature.jpg\",\"width\":800,\"height\":533},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine\\\/impact\\\/plankton-power\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Plankton Power\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine\\\/\",\"name\":\"Johns Hopkins Engineering Magazine\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Johns Hopkins Engineering Magazine\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/Spring2026_logo.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/Spring2026_logo.jpg\",\"width\":820,\"height\":694,\"caption\":\"Johns Hopkins Engineering Magazine\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8fea0e9d76ea4fd7f190559580c45e41\",\"name\":\"Dan Wiznitzer\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine\\\/author\\\/dwiznit1\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Plankton Power - Johns Hopkins Engineering Magazine","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/impact\/plankton-power\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Plankton Power - Johns Hopkins Engineering Magazine","og_description":"Generating energy from dissolved organic matter.","og_url":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/impact\/plankton-power\/","og_site_name":"Johns Hopkins Engineering Magazine","article_published_time":"2025-07-13T22:13:31+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-11-13T17:29:12+00:00","og_image":[{"width":800,"height":533,"url":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/plankton-power-feature.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_image":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/plankton-power-feature.jpg","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Dan Wiznitzer","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/impact\/plankton-power\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/impact\/plankton-power\/"},"author":{"name":"Dan Wiznitzer","@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/#\/schema\/person\/8fea0e9d76ea4fd7f190559580c45e41"},"headline":"Plankton Power","datePublished":"2025-07-13T22:13:31+00:00","dateModified":"2025-11-13T17:29:12+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/impact\/plankton-power\/"},"wordCount":405,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/impact\/plankton-power\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/plankton-power-feature.jpg","articleSection":["Impact: Faculty Innovation"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/impact\/plankton-power\/","url":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/impact\/plankton-power\/","name":"Plankton Power - Johns Hopkins Engineering Magazine","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/impact\/plankton-power\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/impact\/plankton-power\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/plankton-power-feature.jpg","datePublished":"2025-07-13T22:13:31+00:00","dateModified":"2025-11-13T17:29:12+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/impact\/plankton-power\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/impact\/plankton-power\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/impact\/plankton-power\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/plankton-power-feature.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/plankton-power-feature.jpg","width":800,"height":533},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/impact\/plankton-power\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Plankton Power"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/#website","url":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/","name":"Johns Hopkins Engineering Magazine","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/#organization","name":"Johns Hopkins Engineering Magazine","url":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Spring2026_logo.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Spring2026_logo.jpg","width":820,"height":694,"caption":"Johns Hopkins Engineering Magazine"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/#\/schema\/person\/8fea0e9d76ea4fd7f190559580c45e41","name":"Dan Wiznitzer","url":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/author\/dwiznit1\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49424","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49424"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49424\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":56173,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49424\/revisions\/56173"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49427"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49424"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49424"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49424"},{"taxonomy":"issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/issue?post=49424"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}