{"id":861,"date":"2013-01-15T09:25:41","date_gmt":"2013-01-15T14:25:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/?p=861"},"modified":"2017-07-28T10:04:37","modified_gmt":"2017-07-28T14:04:37","slug":"wall-discovery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/2013\/01\/wall-discovery\/","title":{"rendered":"Wall of Discovery"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"visualization-wall-01\"<\/a>
Photo by Will Kirk<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

It could be the future of education and communication.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Or it could be a dud, albeit a striking one. Such is the promise and peril of any new technology, though what\u2019s currently on display in the bottom level of the Brody Learning Commons certainly has the potential to be a game changer.<\/p>\n

There, residing among a gaggle of studious collegians is a huge video display that, at first glance, could be mistaken for something one might stumble across in the electronics section of Best Buy: row after row of 1080P highdefinition monitors\u2014together measuring 12 feet long and 7 feet high\u2014presenting a collage of eye-catching visuals culled from the Eisenhower Library\u2019s vast digital collections. Of old sheet music, and even older medieval manuscripts. Of iconic Hopkins imagery such as Gilman Hall, and swirling galaxies captured from the Hubble Space Telescope. It\u2019s certainly alluring, this default wallpaper mode of the display.<\/p>\n

And yet this doesn\u2019t even begin to hint at how the Balaur Display Wall might change the way students learn, faculty teach, researchers work, and designers collaborate.<\/p>\n

For while you are studying the Wall, the Wall is studying you.<\/p>\n

Oh, it\u2019s nothing nefarious (well, it could spy, but not in its current state); just three Microsoft Kinect cameras placed on the sides and top of the Wall. Add 55,000 lines of code written by Kel Guerin<\/a>, a graduate student in Computer Science at the Whiting School<\/a>, and what you have is a computer\/human interface: The Kinects on the Wall triangulate in 3D where you\u2014and others\u2014are standing in front of it and see what parts of you are moving; all that code takes those movements and tells the video display\u2019s computer what action it should take next.<\/p>\n

Of course, to set the whole ball of pixels into motion means that first you have to get the Wall\u2019s attention, which in its current state means being willing to look a little silly in public. The Kinect\u2019s cameras are designed to recognize unique physical movements\u2014the kind of gestures not likely to occur when two people are just standing in front of it and talking, so routine hair flipping and toe tapping are out.<\/p>\n

Instead, it takes putting your hands to the side of your head\u2014think Munch\u2019s The Scream without the pain\u2014to get the Wall to switch into menu mode. From there, just touch one index finger to the point of the other elbow to turn into a human cursor. It\u2019s a heady experience, allowing you to play Tron-like games, or display pictures where zoom and motion are all controlled by kinetic action: Palms out creates a Google Map\u2013like zoom effect, leaning forward increases a game\u2019s speed, and so on. At first, the whole thing is about as clumsy as dancing with a wooly mammoth, but remember, we\u2019re talking first generation here, and one can imagine that the first rehearsals of Dancing with the Stars weren\u2019t exactly poetry in motion.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"visualization-wall-02\"<\/a>
The Wall allows students to get closer to manuscripts than ever before, as Kel Guerin demonstrates here, by reaching out to magnify the section in the circle…(see the results below).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The kinks will no doubt be worked out\u2014 such is the nature of living in a nonstop beta-testing world. What\u2019s really up for grabs is whether the Balaur Wall will reach its full academic and industrial potential, or whether it becomes a glorified marketing billboard. Such video walls have been installed on other campuses, with The Chronicle of Higher Education noting that admissions-types use them to essentially say, \u201cSee, we\u2019re cutting-edge here!\u201d or, in the Chronicle\u2019s words, they serve \u201cmore as promotional showpieces than as spaces for academic work.\u201d<\/p>\n

Since ancient manuscripts were handwritten and often elaborately illustrated, the Wall’s extreme zoom-in function allows students and researchers to essentially get into the mind of the scribe who drew the work.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The brains behind the Balaur Wall at Hopkins\u2014computer science department chair Greg Hager<\/a> and students in his Computational Interaction and Robotics Lab<\/a>\u2014are shooting for the latter. The Balaur\u2019s very name (it derives from a 12-headed Romanian dragon) was chosen because it connotes the myriad ways in which the Wall can connect with people. For a teacher like Romance languages Professor Stephen Nichols<\/a>, this means bringing ancient manuscripts to life in a previously impossible manner.<\/p>\n

Traditionally, Nichols says, his students rarely saw ancient manuscripts in their original form; instead, they read paperback \u201ccritical editions,\u201d in which a scholarly expert has provided both the English translation of the work and its significance.<\/p>\n

But with the Wall, Nichols says students don\u2019t need an intermediary to study a manuscript; they can instead develop their own expertise by analyzing a digitized copy of the original work. Nichols, who has been involved in digitizing medieval manuscripts for nearly 20 years, notes that the sheer size and functionality of the Wall allows students to get closer to manuscripts than ever before. In doing so, they can begin to break down the traditional teacher\/ student hierarchy that both sides find increasingly limiting.<\/p>\n

\"visualization-wall-03\"<\/a>
A “zoom-in” makes evident
what hadn’t been seen before
on this cliff: a human figure
and small animal.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

As technology has advanced, Nichols has watched digitized manuscripts go from a classroom projector to students\u2019 computers and to their iPads. Advances to be sure, but the result is still essentially a lecturing monologue between academic and supplicant. Even if 10 different manuscripts could be brought up on 10 different iPads, students would have to pass iPads around to each other to compare texts, a chaotic proposition at best.<\/p>\n

But the Wall allows multiple texts and their rich detail to come to life simultaneously. Since ancient manuscripts were handwritten and often elaborately illustrated, the Wall\u2019s extreme zoom-in function allows students and researchers to essentially get into the mind of the scribe who drew the work. Blowing up a single letter to the size of a softball not only gives a visual fingerprint as to who the scribe was but could reveal elements in the drawings that change the way scholars think about the time period.<\/p>\n

Take, for example, the issue of race. \u201cThere\u2019s a belief that the concept of race is very recent, just the last few hundred years,\u201d says Sayeed Choudhury \u201988<\/a>, associate dean of the Sheridan Libraries and director of the Digital Research and Curation Center<\/a>. \u201cNow research is showing that race may actually be represented in these manuscript images; the more evil or nasty characters appear to be drawn differently. Some facial characteristics are different, the way a nose is shaped. On a regular monitor, maybe you could just make that out. But on this thing, you get such resolution that it becomes clear. These scribes spent many, many hours on these manuscripts. For whatever reason they decided, yes, we\u2019re going to make these characters look different.\u201d<\/p>\n

That such discoveries are taking place in a library setting is not an accident. Ostensibly, the Balaur Wall was to be a powerful visual element for the Brody Learning Commons<\/a>, which opened last summer. But thematically, the Wall\u2014which is subtitled \u201cThe Brody Active Learning and Usability Research Wall\u201d\u2014ties into the facility\u2019s design, which fosters collaboration through openspace team studying areas and whiteboards upon which ideas can be discussed, evaluated, and expanded. Similarly, as students congregate around the Wall and manipulate, say, medieval manuscripts, they take ownership of the material in a way that\u2019s just not possible in traditional classrooms. \u201cHaving the Wall in the library, you do away with the professor\/student hierarchy dynamic and the students love it. Younger faculty, I think, are the people who are really going to pick this up and run with it. They grew up with this,\u201d says Nichols.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

The collaborations may play out on many levels. Guerin is building open source functionality into the Wall. This means that soon, students with just a basic understanding of programming will be able to submit their own ideas for applications, ensuring that the Wall becomes more than an expensive piece of colorful furniture. The potential applications are endless: An elegant take on the Periodic Table, a safari abroad, a visually appealing class project \u2026 any might find their way to pixilation.<\/p>\n

Since ancient manuscripts were handwritten and often elaborately illustrated, the Wall\u2019s extreme zoom-in function allows students and researchers to essentially get into the mind of the scribe who drew the work.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u201cMany students like creating digital exhibits in the Digital Media Center or as part of the Museum Studies Program,\u201d says Choudhury. \u201cThere is a community of people thinking about how you display museum exhibits in an experiential way, interacting with them, perhaps moving through a space with them. They didn\u2019t really have a prominent space to display them in a public and accessible way. Now there\u2019s an awareness of new possibilities for highlighting these people\u2019s work and creativity.\u201d<\/p>\n

Hager agrees. \u201cThe question is, \u2018Can you create a self-sustaining cycle where students come in, have a good idea that is reasonable, doable, and has a good shot at success, and we have the human resources to help get their idea on the Wall?\u2019\u201d asks Hager. \u201cAs you see your ideas go up, others think, \u2018That\u2019s cool \u2026 I can do that.\u2019 And then it becomes self-sustaining.\u201d<\/p>\n

But just being human turns out to be enough of an attribute to contribute to the Wall. For all its computational power (and the Wall\u2019s databank can be expanded to handle some 30 terabytes of info), there are some forms of data sifting at which humans are superior.<\/p>\n

Take visual recognition. For researchers studying pictures of the cosmos, a freshman with a sharp eye may spot a galaxy better than your average Dual-6 core Intel Xeon processor. So why not pop some slides from the Hubble Space Telescope on the Wall and let passing students have a go at it? That\u2019s exactly what Guerin envisions.<\/p>\n

\u201cComputers are not so good at telling a galaxy\u2014an oblong blurry dot\u2014from a dot that\u2019s a star. But humans, when trained, can pick it up. There\u2019s an application called Galaxy Zoo, which gives you an image and let\u2019s you know there are probably some galaxies in that image, and you get a score for each galaxy you find. Put that up on the Wall, and you\u2019re actually doing real research for someone while you\u2019re making it fun for the person at the Wall,\u201d he says. \u201cLaymen can actively contribute to active research in a measurable way using this type of system.\u201d<\/p>\n

Similarly, a project called Open Connectome<\/a>, involving computer science Associate Professor Randal Burns<\/a>, director of the Hopkins Storage Systems Lab<\/a>, is parsing that densest of structures, the brain. Specifically, Open Connectome is looking at the way neurons talk to each other, perhaps the most complex series of communications known to man. Burns\u2019 group has collected terabytes of rat neurons, which, when blown up, initially look like \u201ca cross section of a redwood,\u201d says Guerin. \u201cThey\u2019re perfect to put up on the wall because a computer can\u2019t always differentiate between neurons, especially when they branch out. But a reasonably trained person, who knows what it looks like when a tree branches, can bring that context to bear when identifying neurons. And if they have a little idle time while studying in the library, they could walk to the Wall, classify these neurons, and add real data to the field.\u201d<\/p>\n

The Wall\u2019s developers see their $30,000 prototype as something that will become far more sophisticated over time. Right now its ability to interact with humans as they move in space is relatively crude, requiring people to move with slow, deliberate motions.<\/p>\n

That could well change; imagine a design program where just a flick of the wrist would intuit a certain kind of brush stroke. Guerin has spent hours pondering such possibilities, to turn the Wall into a driver of interaction and design for industry.<\/p>\n

\u201cIf you see the majority of interactive displays out there that are this size, they\u2019re about content consumption; watching videos, viewing images. Even where you\u2019re manipulating scientific data, you\u2019re not creating,\u201d says Guerin.<\/p>\n

\u201cBut what\u2019s the architectural firm, the mechanical engineering firm of 20 years from now, going to look like? Right now, in a good design firm, they have rooms with whiteboards where they share ideas. Eventually, there will be high-resolution display boards, like the Wall. And they want big. And the people who use them will want lots of functionality and not just pretty pictures. I want to build something that has interactivity as simple as the Kinect, but I want to have all 5,000 tools of Photoshop built in so I can use it for doing real stuff.\u201d<\/p>\n

Don\u2019t be surprised if when that happens, the Wall is no longer interacting just with you but with other walls anywhere there\u2019s connectivity. Scholars could share, discuss, and manipulate digital collections across continents. Architects could consult and rearrange complex models with clients, with neither side leaving their office. Even the humble PhD candidate could find that most traditional\u2014and stress inducing\u2014of academic rites of passage, the dissertation defense, forever altered. Need a certain expert in, say, London, to weigh in? \u201cThey could go to where a Wall is on their campus and participate,\u201d says Choudhury. \u201cAnd if you\u2019re asked a question, rather than just speaking to the problem, you can say, \u2018Let me show you how I would address that.\u2019 Oh yes, I can see that happening.\u201d<\/p>\n

So can we.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A new, high-tech video display in the Brody Learning Commons could change the way students learn, teachers teach, and researchers work.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-861","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-features","issue-winter-2013"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWall of Discovery - JHU Engineering Magazine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/2013\/01\/wall-discovery\/\" \/>\n<link rel=\"next\" href=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/2013\/01\/wall-discovery\/2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Wall of Discovery - 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