{"id":357,"date":"2013-10-12T11:35:46","date_gmt":"2013-10-12T15:35:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jhumag.dev.173.166.187.154.xip.io\/?p=357"},"modified":"2014-06-02T15:23:24","modified_gmt":"2014-06-02T19:23:24","slug":"stopping-sepsis-tracks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/2013\/10\/stopping-sepsis-tracks\/","title":{"rendered":"Stopping Sepsis in Its Tracks"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_358\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"width: 310px\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-358\" src=\"http:\/\/dev.bcreativegroup.com\/jhuwse\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/Fraley-0487-300-300x230.jpg\" alt=\"Fraley is unlocking clues to host-pathogen interactions.\" width=\"300\" height=\"230\" srcset=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/Fraley-0487-300-300x230.jpg 300w, https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/Fraley-0487-300.jpg 476w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fraley is unlocking clues to host-pathogen interactions.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"p1\">The threat of developing a fatal infection from a simple cut or minor wound is as antique as the Civil War and as contemporary as the 12-year-old New York boy who\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">died last spring after nicking his arm and scraping his leg while diving for a loose basketball.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">The preventable death of young Rory Staunton turned a spotlight on the bacterial\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s2\">blitzkrieg known as sepsis, inspired\u00a0<\/span>congressional hearings and new emergency room procedures, and reawakened echoes of an age when twice as many warriors were killed by unknown and unsuspected microbes than by bayonets or cannonballs.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">Today, hundreds of thousands<\/span>\u00a0of Americans continue to be\u00a0<span class=\"s3\">stricken every year by what Stephanie Fraley, PhD \u201912, calls \u201cthe hidden public\u00a0<\/span>health disaster.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u201cSepsis kills more people in the United States every year than breast cancer, prostate cancer, and AIDS combined,\u201d notes Fraley,\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">a postdoctoral fellow at the\u00a0<\/span>Whiting School who earned her\u00a0<span class=\"s2\">PhD in chemical and biomolecular<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">engineering with Denis Wirtz, the Theophilius Haley Smoot\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s4\">Professor and director of Hopkins\u2019<\/span><span class=\"s1\">Physical Sciences\u2013Oncology\u00a0<\/span>Center and associate director of\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">the Institute for NanoBio<\/span>Technology (INBT). (During\u00a0her graduate years, Fraley was named as a Carl E. Heath Fellow, an ARCS Fellow, and a Siebel Scholar.)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Sepsis is an overwhelming immune response caused by infection of the blood. It can result in organ damage and, in the most severe cases, lead to septic shock and death. In the United States, sepsis occurs in 1 to 2 percent of hospitalizations.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u201cIt is a really scary problem,\u201d\u00a0<span class=\"s2\">Fraley says, \u201cand it\u2019s very important\u00a0<\/span>that we not only come up with rapid ways to test for it, since every hour that a person is misdiagnosed increases their chances of dying, but also that we find more effective ways to treat it. Right now, we treat the infection by using antibiotics, but if the patient\u2019s immune system has already gone off the rails reacting to the infection, there aren\u2019t many options to get it back on track. And ultimately this is what kills people.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Fraley recently won a five-year $500,000 Burroughs-Wellcome Fund Career Award at the Scientific Interfaces for her work on the molecular basis of the human-bacterial interface where sepsis arises. The award supports young scientists as they move from postdoctoral work into full-time faculty positions.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">To Fraley, each human body is more than a condominium of cells, proteins, acids, and plasmas\u2014it is a far more complex and mutable multiverse that she collectively characterizes as \u201ca context.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u201cEssentially, we are all made\u00a0up of the same parts, but they come together in very different ways,\u201d she says. \u201cYour context is almost a historical progression of the things that you have been exposed to in your life: the<br \/>\ninfections you\u2019ve had, the chemicals you\u2019ve been exposed to, the food you\u2019ve eaten.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Fraley\u2019s research is an effort to probe the human and bacterial small RNAomes for clues to what happens in that host-pathogen interaction. If successful, her work could hold tremendous promise for quick-response treatment and patient\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">safety in emergency rooms, clinics, and hospital wards. It also holds potential for a better understanding of our individual microbial defenses and\u00a0<\/span>susceptibilities.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">She is working with professors Samuel Yang, in Emergency Medicine at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, and Jeff Wang, in\u00a0<\/span>Biomedical Engineering. Both Yang and Wang are also affiliated with INBT.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Fraley grew up in the Tennessee city of Chattanooga, a fulcrum of the American Civil War, the last great conflict to be waged before the discovery of germ theory. In battles like the\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">Union assault on Lookout Mountain above Fraley\u2019s hometown, and in both sides\u2019\u00a0<\/span>fetid prison camps, thousands of soldiers perished from wounds and diseases that other men\u2014 Fraley would call them \u201cother contexts\u201d\u2014 blithely survived.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u201cMicro-RNAs may be the key\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">to our individual contexts,\u201dshe says, and she is working to\u00a0<\/span>develop \u201ctechnology that allows us to broadly profile all of them very sensitively at the single-molecule level as a tool to understand the differences in populations.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The threat of developing a fatal infection from a simple cut or minor wound is as antique as the Civil War and as contemporary as the 12-year-old New York boy who\u00a0died last spring after nicking his arm and scraping his leg while diving for a loose basketball. The preventable death of young Rory Staunton turned&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":581,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-357","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-big-ideas","issue-winter-2014"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Stopping Sepsis in Its Tracks - JHU Engineering Magazine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/2013\/10\/stopping-sepsis-tracks\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Stopping Sepsis in Its Tracks - JHU Engineering Magazine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The threat of developing a fatal infection from a simple cut or minor wound is as antique as the Civil War and as contemporary as the 12-year-old New York boy who\u00a0died last spring after nicking his arm and scraping his leg while diving for a loose basketball. 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