{"id":2242,"date":"2004-07-15T23:22:11","date_gmt":"2004-07-16T03:22:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/?p=2242"},"modified":"2014-12-15T23:23:13","modified_gmt":"2014-12-16T04:23:13","slug":"getting-heart-cardiac-imaging","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/2004\/07\/getting-heart-cardiac-imaging\/","title":{"rendered":"Getting to the Heart of Cardiac Imaging"},"content":{"rendered":"

A research discovery leads to a new lifesaving diagnostic tool\u2014and a new company.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cardiologists have a problem. When they look at conventional images of the heart, they can\u2019t see a true picture of the motion of the heart muscle. As a result, they cannot detect mechanical strain or deformation, one of the early warning signs of cardiovascular disease.<\/p>\n

Jerry Prince believes he has a solution. The key to effective cardiac imaging lies in a closer examination of the \u201cdonut,\u201d according to Prince. He is the William B. Kouwenhoven Professor in the Whiting School of Engineering\u2019s Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, a researcher at the Center for Imaging Science, and co-director of the Image Analysis and Communications Lab.<\/p>\n

\u201cImagine a cross-section of the human heart as a donut,\u201d Prince explains. \u201cThe thickness of the donut is the muscle, with the hole being where the blood passes. When scanned by most traditional imaging techniques, this area between the two contours on the inside and the outside of the donut is going to be fairly constant in intensity\u2014there\u2019s no resolution to show differentiation of the muscle fibers.\u201d<\/p>\n

However, \u201ctagged\u201d magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), developed in the late 1980s, does make possible the capture of such critical detail. Prince says MRI tagging, in which a computer \u201cmarks\u201d locations on the heart muscles and then tracks their movements, produces a clearer, more precise picture. \u201cAn MRI provides better resolution,\u201d he explains. \u201cYou can see details better. With MRI tagging, you can see what\u2019s going on within the walls of a heart muscle. It can image the way the muscle is working. There\u2019s no other technology that can do that now.\u201d<\/p>\n

However, this advance in cardiac imaging has had its shortfalls, challenging Prince and his Hopkins colleagues to seek new solutions over the past decade. Simply put, the imaging process in its original configuration was much too slow, and therefore too costly, to be used for regular patient screening tests. \u201cThe diagnostic use of tagged MRI is problematic in that you can gather scanned data in a half-hour, but it then takes several hours to process these data,\u201d says Prince. As a result, physicians instead have relied on older imaging techniques like ultrasound for cardiac testing, even though potential problem spots might be missed. To make MRI tagging more useful\u2014and more clinically feasible\u2014a new method of processing the data was necessary. \u201cIt was always on my mind that we needed a better way,\u201d Prince recalls.<\/p>\n

The Breakthrough Development: HARP MRI<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Part<\/a>
Part of a sequence of tagged MR images of a normal human heart. The images are analyzed with the Diagnosoft HARP tool and the regional strain of the heart is shown as color. Blue indicates normal contraction, green indicates low contractility, and white is no contraction.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

In the late 1990s, Prince and his then-graduate student assistant, Nael F. Osman, found the answer. (Osman, who earned his PhD in 2000 at the Whiting School, is now an assistant professor in the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine\u2019s Radiology Department). The two scientists discovered that the motion of an MRI tagged heart generates an individual signal, which can be captured and decoded through the proprietary software they developed. The result produced high-resolution images like those created by conventional MRI tagging, but at a fraction of the original processing time. Prince and Osman presented a paper in 1999 that announced their new invention: harmonic phase (HARP) MRI. Their new imaging system combined proven MRI tagging technology with rapid processing software.<\/p>\n

\u201cHARP MRI is just a very efficient processing method that can take the data you get from a scanner and produce maps of the motion or internal mechanical strain in the heart, which is really the characterization of local muscle deformation,\u201d says Prince. For the first time, there\u2019s now a way to provide the essential missing link to transform MRI tagging into a practical, cost-effective, and potentially lifesaving technology. As a result, notes Prince, \u201cWe think it will be a critical component of any cardiac MRI exam.\u201d<\/p>\n

While a patient is still inside a magnetic resonance imaging scanner, by using HARP MRI, physicians will have an efficient means of determining whether a heart disorder or damage actually exists. If a problem is found, the immediate availability of images will help doctors decide whether the patient requires surgery or just a change in diet and exercise. In addition, the HARP MRI system can be used to check the effectiveness of new drugs designed to revive stunned heart muscles.<\/p>\n

\u201cI think the HARP concept could revolutionize or dramatically change the way we do cardiac stress testing,\u201d says cardiologist Joao Lima, who has used the system. \u201cWith it, we can receive quantitative results in a matter of minutes,\u201d adds Lima, who is associate professor of Medicine at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. \u201cIt allows us to see the degree and extent of the heart problems. There\u2019s nothing else that can do that right now.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"Part<\/a>
Part of a sequence of HARP tagged MR images of a patient\u2019s heart, showing the lack of blue coloring (normal contraction).<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

From Inventors to Entrepreneurs<\/strong><\/p>\n

Once word of their new and highly marketable invention spread, Prince and Osman thought commercialization offers would follow in short order. To their surprise, none materialized. \u201cTo some extent, we were a bit na\u00efve,\u201d says Prince. \u201cWe expected MRI companies to become interested right away. But that wasn\u2019t happening, although there was a growing interest in the research community.\u201d<\/p>\n

Faced with the daunting tasks of promoting awareness of their invention, pursuing the next level of research and testing for it, and maintaining the pace of their academic duties, the two inventors hit upon a novel strategy. They would create a company to market HARP MRI while providing licensed beta versions of it to a few select cardiac MRI research groups around the world for evaluation and feedback. To that end, Diagnosoft, Inc. was founded in June 2002.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe realized that having a company might serve a couple of purposes,\u201d says Prince. \u201cFirst of all, it would provide a mechanism to get this product out to the research community, and in that way offload some of the burdens from us. Also, it would provide a mechanism for creating a uniform product that we could track and issue revisions for over time. At the same time, we knew that there would be an eventual market out there for HARP MRI if the software were made available. So it seemed the right time to make our software available commercially as well as to qualified researchers.\u201d<\/p>\n

New Partners, Next Steps<\/strong><\/p>\n

In less than two years, this initial strategy has paid off. According to Prince, \u201cThe top research community is looking at what we\u2019re doing now and wanting to be involved. We have quite a strong following that is working with us to help refine and critique the beta product.\u201d Prince expects his company\u2019s first product, HARP Diagnosoft, to be released in a commercial clinical version sometime over the next year.<\/p>\n

In the interim, Diagnosoft itself has grown. Two more partners have joined Prince and Osman, and the company also includes a team of three software developers in Egypt. In addition, Diagnosoft has benefited from the University\u2019s ongoing support through the Whiting School\u2019s Office of Industrial Initiatives. According to Lani Hummel, the office\u2019s director, \u201c The University is becoming increasingly supportive of faculty who start companies.\u201d Hummel\u2019s office operates as the front line of that support, providing guidance to a range of resources for fledgling companies\u2014from start-up funding from venture capitalists and state organizations to business assistance and marketing development. \u201cThese services are valuable for anyone wanting to learn about the process of getting a product out of the University and into the commercial marketplace,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n

In the case of Diagnosoft, Hummel notes, \u201cI think that Jerry and Nael have done all the right things to get their company started, and they\u2019ve done everything they need to do to take the company to the next level.\u201d Diagnosoft has an option agreement with the University that allows for start-up time to raise money while testing the prototype technology.<\/p>\n

In return, Prince appreciates the University\u2019s role in getting his company off the ground. \u201cI have to give Hopkins a lot of credit for going along with me,\u201d he says. \u201cFrom the start, they stepped right up and wanted to help and be a partner in this activity. They have supported us throughout the patent process and continue to do their part.\u201d<\/p>\n

Looking back at six years of whirlwind change in his professional life, Prince is somewhat amused by the turn of events but decidedly upbeat about his future. \u201cI could have easily come to this point in my career and not have any invention that could be considered marketable,\u201d he admits. \u201cBut it was just too compelling not to do it. The entrepreneur thing is new to me, but I find it exciting and rewarding,\u201d he says with a smile. \u201cOurs is a good story\u2014a lot of strong work ethic and at the same time, a bit of luck.\u201d<\/p>\n

Snapshot: Diagnosoft\u2019s Two Co-founders<\/strong><\/p>\n\"8_11004\"<\/a>\n

Jerry L. Prince:<\/strong> (left) Chief scientist and chairman of the board for Diagnosoft, Inc. In 1989 Prince joined the Whiting School\u2019s faculty. He is the William B. Kouwenhoven Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and holds joint appointments in the departments of Radiology (School of Medicine), Biomedical Engineering, and Applied Mathematics and Statistics. He also is a researcher at the Whiting School\u2019s Center for Imaging Science and co-director of the Image Analysis and Communications Lab. Prince received a 1993 National Science Foundation Presidential Faculty Fellows Award and was Maryland\u2019s 1997 Outstanding Young Engineer. Together with Nael F. Osman \u201900 PhD, he has filed three patents related to MR image analysis.<\/p>\n

Nael F. Osman \u201900 PhD:<\/strong> (right) Chief technical officer for Diagnosoft. While earning his doctorate at the Whiting School, he co-invented the HARP technique for rapid analysis of tagged MR images with Jerry L. Prince, his research advisor. Osman is now an assistant professor in the Radiology Department of the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and a talented software systems architect. Prior to studying at Hopkins, Osman helped to develop a voicemail system now being marketed in Egypt.<\/p>\n

Visit the Image Analysis and Communications Lab (IACL) at iacl.ece.jhu.edu\/ and visit Diagnosoft, Inc. at www.diagnosoft.com<\/strong><\/p>\n

Thanks to Phil Sneiderman for his contributions to this article.<\/p>\n

The arrangements discussed in this article have been reviewed in accordance with Johns Hopkins\u2019 conflict of interest policies. Nothing in this article constitutes or implies an endorsement by The Johns Hopkins University of Diagnosoft, Inc., its products, or services.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A research discovery leads to a new lifesaving diagnostic tool\u2014and a new company. Cardiologists have a problem. When they look at conventional images of the heart, they can\u2019t see a true picture of the motion of the heart muscle. As a result, they cannot detect mechanical strain or deformation, one of the early warning signs…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2245,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[81],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2242","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-connection","issue-summer-2004"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nGetting to the Heart of Cardiac Imaging - JHU Engineering Magazine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/2004\/07\/getting-heart-cardiac-imaging\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Getting to the Heart of Cardiac Imaging - JHU Engineering Magazine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A research discovery leads to a new lifesaving diagnostic tool\u2014and a new company. 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