{"id":2224,"date":"2004-07-15T23:32:51","date_gmt":"2004-07-16T03:32:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/?p=2224"},"modified":"2014-12-15T23:34:32","modified_gmt":"2014-12-16T04:34:32","slug":"vote-greater-information-security","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/2004\/07\/vote-greater-information-security\/","title":{"rendered":"A Vote for Greater Information Security"},"content":{"rendered":"

As touch-screen voting systems come online, Aviel D. \u201cAvi\u201d Rubin has been warning of their vulnerabilities\u2014and of threats to the Internet.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Avi<\/a>
\u201cAttacks are getting more sophisticated,\u201d
notes computer scientist Avi Rubin about the hackers.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

For someone passionate about preserving the public\u2019s privacy, Aviel D. \u201cAvi\u201d Rubin sure hasn\u2019t had a low profile lately. In fact, the technical director of the Johns Hopkins University Information Security Institute (ISI) could hardly be more visible. He has been in the New York Times and the Wall Street Journal, on CNN and NBC, on blue-ribbon commissions reporting to Congress and the White House. His warnings have been splashed across newspaper pages nationwide. He\u2019s hardly had time for his other loves: pool, piano, chess, and sports.<\/p>\n

Rubin has been in a very public debate with election officials over the wisdom of implementing new touch-screen voting systems that, according to the computer scientist, can be easily compromised.<\/p>\n

Everyone, apparently, has heard of Avi Rubin, who is also professor of Computer Science at the Whiting School of Engineering. Type in his name, and an Internet search returns more than 26,000 references. He\u2019s regularly asked to contribute to online discussions of privacy, security, and computer voting. He was honored with a 2004 Electronic Frontiers Foundation Pioneer Award for \u201cspearheading and nurturing the popular movement for integrity and transparency in modern elections.\u201d In 2001, he received the Index on Censorship Freedom of Expression Award for the Best Circumvention of Censorship, based on the Publius anonymous Web publishing system he created. In 2002, he was invited to testify before the Congressional-Executive Commission on China on the subject of web censorship.<\/p>\n

Rubin received his BS, MSE, and PhD (1994) in computer science from the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. He spent several years at AT&T Laboratories, where he was a principal researcher working in cryptography, network security, web security, and secure Internet services. He was also an adjunct professor at New York University. He has authored or co-authored several highly regarded books on computer and Internet security, including White-hat Security Arsenal, Peer-to-peer, and Firewalls and Internet Security, Repelling the Wily Hacker.<\/p>\n

The Institute, funded by government agencies and corporations, has a mission \u201cto explore ways to improve existing computer security systems and to design more secure systems,\u201d Rubin explains. A new master\u2019s degree program in Security Informatics at Hopkins will advance the Institute\u2019s educational mission as it helps educate rising generations of information security specialists.<\/p>\n

Much of Rubin\u2019s research focuses on the fact that \u201cAs more systems rely on the Internet, we become more vulnerable,\u201d he says. \u201cIf the Internet goes away, these systems can\u2019t function properly. And it could go away.\u201d<\/p>\n

Case in point: In 2003, in what Rubin categorizes as probably the most spectacular assault on Internet security, eight of the 13 Domain Name Servers (DNS), which together comprise the primary routing system for the entire Internet, were \u201ctaken down\u201d in a malicious attack. Had all 13 been compromised, the result would have been to eliminate entirely Internet communications, upon which much of the U.S. infrastructure now depends. According to Rubin, \u201cattacks are getting more sophisticated.\u201d<\/p>\n

A related topic of concern and research for Rubin and the Institute is the integrity of the Border Gateway Protocol, or BGP. Domain Name Servers use this protocol to make continuous instantaneous decisions about where to route data packets. \u201cThe two most vulnerable components of the Internet are the DNS and BGP,\u201d he explains. The Institute, funded through a National Science Foundation grant, is exploring ways to make the BGP more robust.<\/p>\n

Privacy and security meet in the voter\u2019s booth. And, it is largely this issue\u2014electronic voting systems\u2014that has given Rubin such a high profile. In the aftermath of the contested 2000 presidential election, Rubin points out, \u201cThe Help America Vote Act appropriated just short of $4 billion to upgrade voting machines. So companies started scrambling to provide new machines without anyone saying anything about security.\u201d<\/p>\n

Several states, including Maryland, purchased the Diebold touch-screen voting machine system. Rubin contends that \u201cthis voting system is far below even the most minimal security standards applicable in other contexts.\u201d The Hopkins researchers issued their findings in a technical report, Analysis of an Electronic Voting System<\/em> (Information Security Institute, July 2003). This report has generated considerable interest. Many officials maintain that the electronic voting systems they have purchased are secure. Computer scientists and other critics counter that hackers could rig the machines to record votes any way they choose\u2014without detection.<\/p>\n

With a few exceptions, Maryland\u2019s touch-screen machines functioned well in their debut in the state\u2019s primary election on March 2. Rubin, who served as an election judge in Baltimore County, told the Washington Post afterward that \u201csome of my concerns were laid to rest and some were made worse.\u201d (For his own account of \u201cone of the most incredible days in my life,\u201d visit avirubin.com\/judge.html<\/strong> .)<\/p>\n

When asked what connection there is between Internet security and voting, Rubin replies flatly, \u201cHopefully, none. Unfortunately, some people think the next big thing is voting over the Internet. It is a very bad idea. Current computers aren\u2019t up to it. The Internet is not up to it.<\/p>\n

\u201cOur research showing how insecure the machines are is ammunition for the argument that a piece of paper should be part of the system,\u201d he contends. A private, secure paper trail, such as a backup paper ballot, \u201cmakes tampering much harder and serves as a check on how the voter voted.\u201d<\/p>\n

Rubin was co-author of a study made public in January that warned against the potential for cyber-attacks in the Pentagon\u2019s planned pilot study of Internet-based voting for some military personnel and U.S. citizens living abroad (www.servesecurity report.org<\/strong>).<\/p>\n

How does Rubin see the work of the Institute helping solve the problems of information security? \u201cThis is what we are all about. We look at all the problems of information security with a strong bias toward preserving privacy,\u201d he says. \u201cIf we ignore privacy, we will lose it.\u201d<\/p>\n

Visit the Information Security Institute at www.jhuisi.jhu.edu<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As touch-screen voting systems come online, Aviel D. \u201cAvi\u201d Rubin has been warning of their vulnerabilities\u2014and of threats to the Internet. For someone passionate about preserving the public\u2019s privacy, Aviel D. \u201cAvi\u201d Rubin sure hasn\u2019t had a low profile lately. In fact, the technical director of the Johns Hopkins University Information Security Institute (ISI) could…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2225,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[84],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2224","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-high-perfomers","issue-summer-2004"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nA Vote for Greater Information Security - JHU Engineering Magazine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/2004\/07\/vote-greater-information-security\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A Vote for Greater Information Security - JHU Engineering Magazine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"As touch-screen voting systems come online, Aviel D. \u201cAvi\u201d Rubin has been warning of their vulnerabilities\u2014and of threats to the Internet. 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