{"id":1466,"date":"2009-01-17T14:33:58","date_gmt":"2009-01-17T19:33:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/?p=1466"},"modified":"2014-12-17T14:34:41","modified_gmt":"2014-12-17T19:34:41","slug":"archives-evolution-robotics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/2009\/01\/archives-evolution-robotics\/","title":{"rendered":"From the Archives: The Evolution of Robotics"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/evolution-robotics.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-1467\" src=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/evolution-robotics.jpg\" alt=\"Greg Chirikjian\" width=\"256\" height=\"363\" srcset=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/evolution-robotics.jpg 256w, https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/evolution-robotics-211x300.jpg 211w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 256px) 100vw, 256px\" \/><\/a>Underneath a lab bench in the <a href=\"http:\/\/lcsr.jhu.edu\/About_Us\/Facility\" target=\"_blank\">Computational Science and Engineering building<\/a> sits a snakelike five-foot-long robotic arm, a collection of triangular metal shapes, pneumatic cylinders, and aluminum tubes linked together in an integrated truss structure. It has no name, but \u201cAdam\u201d would be apt.<\/p>\n<p>Adam is a binary manipulator. Basically, he picks things up. But that is not what makes him special. Adam holds the honor of being the first robot built at Johns Hopkins.<\/p>\n<p>The history of robotics at the Whiting School traces back to the early 1990s and Adam\u2019s creator, <a href=\"http:\/\/custer.lcsr.jhu.edu\/Main_Page\" target=\"_blank\">Gregory S. Chirikjian<\/a> \u201988, BA\/ BS\/MSE, a professor of mechanical engineering. Before Chirikjian\u2019s arrival, Hopkins dabbled in robotics\u2014as far back as the 1960s\u2014but lagged behind its peers in the field. Bill Sharpe, PhD \u201966, set out to change all that.<\/p>\n<p>Sharpe, the Alonzo G. Decker Professor of Mechanical Engineering, joined Johns Hopkins in January 1983 to jump-start the reformed <a href=\"http:\/\/www.me.jhu.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\">Department of Mechanical Engineering<\/a>. For the department\u2019s first open house, Sharpe procured a small Rhino robot arm. \u201cAll it did was pick up a business card and put it another pile: Just do this over and over,\u201d Sharpe recalls.<\/p>\n<p>It was enough to impress a 17-year-old Chirikjian. Drawn by the promise of robotics, Chirikjian enrolled at Johns Hopkins to pursue degrees in engineering mechanics, mathematics, and mechanical engineering. He went on to earn a doctorate in applied mechanics from the California Institute of Technology, where he studied under Joel Burdick, a pupil of such heavyweights as Bernard Roth and Ferdinand Freudenstein, the \u201cfather of modern kinematics.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In 1992, after his graduation, Chirikjian called Sharpe to inquire about job opportunities. Talk about perfect timing. \u201cAt that time, other robotics research labs were well established at places like Stanford and Carnegie Mellon,\u201d Sharpe says. \u201cWe felt we needed to broaden our activities and move into this area. Hiring Greg was the official start of robotics here.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>At Hopkins, Chirikjian has pioneered the theory of \u201chyper-redundant\u201d (snakelike) robot motion planning and self-replicating robotic systems. He also designs and builds hyper-redundant robotic manipulator arms, of which Adam was the first. Snakelike motion is particularly useful for inspection in highly constrained environments (think: outer space), and for using the arm to wrap around objects, he says.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhen I started, most robot arms were heavy and expensive,\u201d Chirikjian explains. \u201cMy work with binary robots is focused on making inexpensive, lightweight, and reliable robot arms that can have many applications, such as to assist people with disabilities.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In 1993, the Whiting School hired <a href=\"http:\/\/dscl.lcsr.jhu.edu\/Main_Page\" target=\"_blank\">Louis Whitcomb<\/a>, an expert in applied mechanical robotic systems. Today, a professor of mechanical engineering, Whitcomb and his <a href=\"http:\/\/dscl.lcsr.jhu.edu\/Main_Page\" target=\"_blank\">Dynamical Systems and Control Laboratory<\/a> are leading the way in the development of machines that interact dynamically with their environments, in particular underwater robots for deep ocean exploration.<\/p>\n<p>Sharpe says the final piece of the robotics puzzle fell into place in 1995, with the hire of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cs.jhu.edu\/~rht\/\" target=\"_blank\">Russell Taylor<\/a>, a robotic systems expert who established the Computer-Assisted Surgery Group at IBM Research. Taylor has spearheaded the Whiting School\u2019s efforts in the field of medical robotics, creating computer-assisted microsurgical assistants that allow for less invasive procedures and ones previously thought impossible.<\/p>\n<p>The combined contributions of Chirikjian, Whitcomb, and Taylor have allowed the Whiting School to become, in just 15 years, a leader in robotics research, says Sharpe.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe strategy all along has been to look for the \u2018best athlete,\u2019 the strongest candidate regardless of the area,\u201d Sharpe said. \u201cIt so happens we\u2019ve been able to lure here some of the leading robotics researchers in the world.\u201d Another \u201cstar athlete\u201d is Greg Hager, who joined Johns Hopkins in 1999. Hager, a professor of computer science and director of the <a href=\"http:\/\/cirl.lcsr.jhu.edu\/Main_Page\" target=\"_blank\">Computational Interaction and Robotics Lab<\/a>, specializes in computer vision with applications in medical devices and human-machine systems.<\/p>\n<p>What does the future hold for robotics at Hopkins? Sharpe sees the development of many more applications in medical robotics. He said that rising faculty stars such as <a href=\"http:\/\/haptics.lcsr.jhu.edu\/Main_Page\" target=\"_blank\">Allison Okamura<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/limbs.lcsr.jhu.edu\/Main_Page\" target=\"_blank\">Noah Cowan<\/a> are designing systems to amplify and assist human physical capabilities.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Underneath a lab bench in the Computational Science and Engineering building sits a snakelike five-foot-long robotic arm, a collection of triangular metal shapes, pneumatic cylinders, and aluminum tubes linked together in an integrated truss structure. It has no name, but \u201cAdam\u201d would be apt. Adam is a binary manipulator. Basically, he picks things up. But&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1467,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1466","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research-development","issue-winter-2009"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>From the Archives: The Evolution of Robotics - JHU Engineering Magazine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/2009\/01\/archives-evolution-robotics\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"From the Archives: The Evolution of Robotics - JHU Engineering Magazine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Underneath a lab bench in the Computational Science and Engineering building sits a snakelike five-foot-long robotic arm, a collection of triangular metal shapes, pneumatic cylinders, and aluminum tubes linked together in an integrated truss structure. It has no name, but \u201cAdam\u201d would be apt. Adam is a binary manipulator. Basically, he picks things up. But...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/2009\/01\/archives-evolution-robotics\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"JHU Engineering Magazine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2009-01-17T19:33:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2014-12-17T19:34:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/evolution-robotics.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"256\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"363\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Abby Lattes\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Abby Lattes\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine-archive\\\/2009\\\/01\\\/archives-evolution-robotics\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine-archive\\\/2009\\\/01\\\/archives-evolution-robotics\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Abby Lattes\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine-archive\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0244393be370fbc3ead8ec26062e9742\"},\"headline\":\"From the Archives: The Evolution of Robotics\",\"datePublished\":\"2009-01-17T19:33:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2014-12-17T19:34:41+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine-archive\\\/2009\\\/01\\\/archives-evolution-robotics\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":678,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine-archive\\\/2009\\\/01\\\/archives-evolution-robotics\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine-archive\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/07\\\/evolution-robotics.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Research &amp; Development\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine-archive\\\/2009\\\/01\\\/archives-evolution-robotics\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine-archive\\\/2009\\\/01\\\/archives-evolution-robotics\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine-archive\\\/2009\\\/01\\\/archives-evolution-robotics\\\/\",\"name\":\"From the Archives: The Evolution of Robotics - JHU Engineering Magazine\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine-archive\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine-archive\\\/2009\\\/01\\\/archives-evolution-robotics\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine-archive\\\/2009\\\/01\\\/archives-evolution-robotics\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine-archive\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/07\\\/evolution-robotics.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2009-01-17T19:33:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2014-12-17T19:34:41+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine-archive\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0244393be370fbc3ead8ec26062e9742\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine-archive\\\/2009\\\/01\\\/archives-evolution-robotics\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine-archive\\\/2009\\\/01\\\/archives-evolution-robotics\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine-archive\\\/2009\\\/01\\\/archives-evolution-robotics\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine-archive\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/07\\\/evolution-robotics.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine-archive\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2014\\\/07\\\/evolution-robotics.jpg\",\"width\":256,\"height\":363,\"caption\":\"Greg Chirikjian\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine-archive\\\/2009\\\/01\\\/archives-evolution-robotics\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine-archive\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"From the Archives: The Evolution of Robotics\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine-archive\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine-archive\\\/\",\"name\":\"JHU Engineering Magazine\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine-archive\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/engineering.jhu.edu\\\/magazine-archive\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0244393be370fbc3ead8ec26062e9742\",\"name\":\"Abby Lattes\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/c56cb7af5427f847aa288542444ba9ff3d2107bf85dc6c6d44a4d1315608258d?s=96&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/c56cb7af5427f847aa288542444ba9ff3d2107bf85dc6c6d44a4d1315608258d?s=96&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/c56cb7af5427f847aa288542444ba9ff3d2107bf85dc6c6d44a4d1315608258d?s=96&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Abby Lattes\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"From the Archives: The Evolution of Robotics - JHU Engineering Magazine","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/2009\/01\/archives-evolution-robotics\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"From the Archives: The Evolution of Robotics - JHU Engineering Magazine","og_description":"Underneath a lab bench in the Computational Science and Engineering building sits a snakelike five-foot-long robotic arm, a collection of triangular metal shapes, pneumatic cylinders, and aluminum tubes linked together in an integrated truss structure. It has no name, but \u201cAdam\u201d would be apt. Adam is a binary manipulator. Basically, he picks things up. But...","og_url":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/2009\/01\/archives-evolution-robotics\/","og_site_name":"JHU Engineering Magazine","article_published_time":"2009-01-17T19:33:58+00:00","article_modified_time":"2014-12-17T19:34:41+00:00","og_image":[{"width":256,"height":363,"url":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/evolution-robotics.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Abby Lattes","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Abby Lattes","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/2009\/01\/archives-evolution-robotics\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/2009\/01\/archives-evolution-robotics\/"},"author":{"name":"Abby Lattes","@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/#\/schema\/person\/0244393be370fbc3ead8ec26062e9742"},"headline":"From the Archives: The Evolution of Robotics","datePublished":"2009-01-17T19:33:58+00:00","dateModified":"2014-12-17T19:34:41+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/2009\/01\/archives-evolution-robotics\/"},"wordCount":678,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/2009\/01\/archives-evolution-robotics\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/evolution-robotics.jpg","articleSection":["Research &amp; Development"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/2009\/01\/archives-evolution-robotics\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/2009\/01\/archives-evolution-robotics\/","url":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/2009\/01\/archives-evolution-robotics\/","name":"From the Archives: The Evolution of Robotics - JHU Engineering Magazine","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/2009\/01\/archives-evolution-robotics\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/2009\/01\/archives-evolution-robotics\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/evolution-robotics.jpg","datePublished":"2009-01-17T19:33:58+00:00","dateModified":"2014-12-17T19:34:41+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/#\/schema\/person\/0244393be370fbc3ead8ec26062e9742"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/2009\/01\/archives-evolution-robotics\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/2009\/01\/archives-evolution-robotics\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/2009\/01\/archives-evolution-robotics\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/evolution-robotics.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/evolution-robotics.jpg","width":256,"height":363,"caption":"Greg Chirikjian"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/2009\/01\/archives-evolution-robotics\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"From the Archives: The Evolution of Robotics"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/#website","url":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/","name":"JHU Engineering Magazine","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/#\/schema\/person\/0244393be370fbc3ead8ec26062e9742","name":"Abby Lattes","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c56cb7af5427f847aa288542444ba9ff3d2107bf85dc6c6d44a4d1315608258d?s=96&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c56cb7af5427f847aa288542444ba9ff3d2107bf85dc6c6d44a4d1315608258d?s=96&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c56cb7af5427f847aa288542444ba9ff3d2107bf85dc6c6d44a4d1315608258d?s=96&r=g","caption":"Abby Lattes"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1466","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1466"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1466\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2948,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1466\/revisions\/2948"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1467"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1466"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1466"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.jhu.edu\/magazine-archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1466"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}